Sula Critical Theory Essay - Black Feminist Theory

Looking through a Black Feminist Critical Lens, Toni Morrison’s characters in Sula resemble Mary Helen Washington’s definitions of African American female characters. Specifically, Sula, Nel, and Eva; Sula is a Liberated Woman, Nel is a Emergent Woman, and Eva as a Suspended woman. Sula is Morrison’s main character and is a perfect example of a Liberated woman. According to Lois Tysons definition of a Liberated Woman, Sula has â€Å"discovered her abilities, knows what she needs, and goes about getting it.† Along with all these activities, comes pride and independence. It began when Sula was younger as she had Nel, her best friend, by her side. â€Å"In the safe harbor of each others company they could afford to abandon the ways of other people†¦show more content†¦Nel’s character fits into an Emergent Woman as she â€Å"[comes] to an awareness of her own psychological and political oppresion... usually through a harsh experience of initi ation that makes her ready for change.† On Nel’s trip to meet her grandmother, Nel witnesses her mother’s â€Å"custard† being revealed. From then on Nel â€Å"resolved to be on guard- always. She wanted to make certain that no man ever looked at her that way. That no midnight eyes of marbled flesh would accost her and turn her into jelly† (22). Ashamed of the â€Å"jelly† or the weak substance â€Å"custard† that Morrison also associates with Helene, Nel makes certain that no man shall look at her, and make her into anything weak. In this secne, she becomes aware of her mother’s oppression and makes the decision to never allow it in her life. At the end of their trip, Nel lays in bed thinking about the possibility of ending up like her mother. To establish her independence separate from her mother, Nel states, †I’m me. I’m not their daughter. I’m not Nel. I’m me. Me,† (28). As an Emergen t woman, she demonstrates her ability to make her own choices and establish her ownShow MoreRelatedCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pagesand Lesbian Existence †¨ Adrienne Rich    Adrienne Rich s essay constitutes a powerful challenge to some of our least examined sexual assumptions. Rich turns all the familiar arguments on their heads: If the first erotic bond is to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual force in the general feminist reorientation to sexual matters in recent years, and her conception

The Layers Of The Earth - 1475 Words

Most people know that Earth is the planet they live on, it’s basic knowledge. They also know that the earth has volcanoes, mountains, earthquakes, etcetera. Do they know though how these features were made? Do they know what is inside of the earth? Most likely, unless related to their job they do not. However, just because someone may not know about it, it doesn’t mean it’s not happening, and all of the earth’s layers working in harmony is definitely happening. Earth is in fact an intricate planet that has multiple layers of differing compositions. To be exact the earth has four main layers. The uppermost layer is the one humans come in most contact with, the crust. The crust consists of â€Å"thin silicate rock material†(Structure of the). Although the crust is not entirely the same. Actually there are two distinct types of crust, oceanic and continental. â€Å"The continental crust is made up of mostly rocks similar to granite while the oceanic crust is much denser and made up of a material similar to basalt†(Structure of the, Rose). The second layer is called the mantle. â€Å"The mantle is much denser than the crust and contains similar to the crust mostly solid silicate crust†(Structure of the). â€Å"As we travel further down the earth we wind up in the outer core. The outer core is a core of molten nickel and iron. Finally there’s the inner core. The inner is a solid metal core made up of nickel and iron†(Structure of the). All these layers functioning together cast out a magneticShow MoreRelatedAcute Atmospheric Layer Of Earth s Atmosphere5361 Words   |  22 Pages(a)The smoke seen emanating from the slum would be held and circulated within which layer of Earth s atmosphere? 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This paper presents an overview of researchRead MoreHow Two Gases Make Up The Atmosphere872 Words   |  4 Pageswould be no life on earth. Two gasses make up the vast majority of the world s climate: nitrogen (78%), and oxygen (21%). Vaporous components, carbon dioxide and distinctive follow gasses make up the rest. Researchers isolated the climate into four layers as indicated by chemically nature: upper environment, upper air/high place, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The temperature drops as we go up through the upper environment, yet it ascends as we travel through the following layer, the upper climate/highRead MoreDating : The Rocks Of The Grand Canyon1013 Words   |  5 Pages Dating the Rocks of The Grand Canyon (old earth vs. young earth) I. Introduction The Grand Canyon is a National Park located in Arizona where over four billion individuals go to visit yearly (â€Å"Grand Canyon National Park,† n.d.; Hill Moshier, 2009, p. 99). It is over â€Å"18 miles wide†; â€Å"a mile deep†; and â€Å"300 miles long† (â€Å"Grand Canyon National Park,† n.d.; Bohlin, 1993). When looking at the Grand Canyon, there are essentially two sides, the South side and the North side also known as Rims. BothRead MoreLayers Of The Atmosphere- Bri Caamano1178 Words   |  5 Pages Atmosphere Paper Layers of The Atmosphere- Bri Caamano Our atmosphere on Earth has many different layer which protect us from the harmful elements in space. Our atmosphere is divided into five layers. The troposphere is the first layer closest to earth. In this layer weather occurs, this is also the closest layer to us. The second layer would be the stratosphere. The stratosphere is one of the most stable layers. Due to the stability of this layer jets and aircrafts fly within this areaRead MoreHow Two Gases Make Up The Atmosphere883 Words   |  4 Pagesbe no life on earth. Two gasses make up the vast majority of the world s climate: nitrogen (78%), and oxygen (21%). (vaporous component), carbon dioxide and distinctive follow gasses make up the rest. Researchers isolated the climate into four layers as indicated by solidify (chemically)ature: upper environment, upper air/high place, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The temperature drops as we go up through the upper environment, yet it ascends as we travel through the following layer, the upper climate/highRead MoreThe Ozone Layer And Global Climate Change1186 Words   |  5 Pageshuman activities over the past 250 years have warmed our planet†. The ozone layer and a stable climate temperature are the only thing protecting life on earth fro m the deadly UV rays and harmful global temperature rise. All around the world today the ozone layer is constantly depleting and the overall global temperature is constantly heating up whether anyone is acknowledging it or not, but there is a cause. Ozone layer depletion and global climate change are naturally occurring events that haveRead MoreGeological Time Worksheet633 Words   |  3 Pagesability to figure out past |By looking at the layers of |The disadvantages to this study | | |sequences of events thus telling|sediment stacked on top of each |and the determining how old | | |us the approximate age |other and studying the fossils |these layers of sediment might | | |difference from one formation to|found within these layers gives |be is the fact that we do not | |Read MoreEnvironmental Ethics And Environmental History1379 Words   |  6 Pagesworld s ever increasing increasing wants Stewardship worldview, this view states that we have a responsibility to take care of the earth and that we should use earth s resources for our benefit Environmental wisdom worldview, this view is for the belief that everyone completely depends on nature and that earth is here for every species, man should care for his earth Environmental justice-movement,this view’s issues revolve around equality Aldo Leopold’s writings produce most of these views LeopoldRead MoreAtmosphere1066 Words   |  5 Pagescomposed of carbon dioxide and other gasses.It is a mixture of gases encircling the Earth and held by the Earth’s gravity. This invisible mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor protects the planet from harmful radiation and makes life on it. (Atienza et al., 2012) Atmosphere and Ecology The atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding the earth: (a) It sustains life on the earth. (b) It saves it from the hostile environment of outer space. (c) It absorbs

Community Involvement in Liquor Licensing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Community Involvement in Liquor Licensing. Answer: Introduction: The problem of alcohol-related violence has been at the forefront of agenda in NSW for several years. To align and advocate the law of the NSW government, the local councils create and implement the policies in relation to minimize negative effect of alcohol and alcohol-related issues through the regulation, supervision, and enforcement of distribution of Liquor and Game Machine (LGN, 2013). Therefore, councils and polices are involved with the action to provide consistency among areas of health, social impact, as well as enforcement. While Liquor Act 2007 restricts and regulates the supplies, consumption as well as the sales of alcohol (Department of Industry, 2017), Gaming Machines Act 2001 controls and manages gambling (NSW Legislation, 2017). Both acts were legislated to minimize harm associated with anti-social behavior, and with a goal to ensure all the gaming and liquor related legislation are dealt and decided with efficiency (Department of Industry, 2017). Moreover, they enc ourage responsible liquor and gaming practices to promote amenity of community life (Department of Industry, 2017). In order to achieve its objectives, some of the key elements are addressed, such as licensing requirement, education, liquor accords, treatment of minors, and penalty. While some of the elements are successfully implemented, others are not effective and needed to be modified. To define the effectiveness of these elements, analysis and outcome of these five elements will be addressed. In order to implement the key elements the first being of licensing for Liquor Act 2007, there are six types of liquor licenses which exist in NSW. Most of the licenses have the requirement of being accompanied by a Community Impact Statement (Trifonoff, Andrew, Steenson, Nicholas Roche, 2010). The first being Club License this license is granted only to clubs which have been registered under the Registered Clubs Act 1976. It is allowed to the club under this license to sell for consumption alcohol on and off the premises of the club to their guests and members. Under the Liquor Act 2007 since it was a club that held the club license it as referred to as a corporate license. There had to be a separate license for each of the clubs premises if they occupied more than one set of premises under the Liquor Act 2007. A community impact statement is required for a club license. Another type of license is the Hotel (Including General Bar License) which allows alcohol to be served to general public. However under the Act there are various regulatory controls that are applicable on the hotel license, the first being that it has to be the public to which it is open to and not a private club, the second being that whenever alcohol is served free drinking water has to be given; third being the requirement being of a sign that indicated premise name, liquor license type and licensee name. The fourth being the requirement of an incidents register if the trade of premise continued past midnight and the fifth being that conditions could either be imposed under the LA 2007 or the CLGCA or Director-General, Communities NSW. A limited type of hotel license was the General Bar License, which allowed on premise sale but no take aways. This license also requires a community impact statement. Limited License this allowed sale of alcohol for consumption only in the premises in functions held by not for profit organizations as well as trade fairs and special events. There is no community impact statement required under this license. Another type of license is On-premise License this license can be tailored for business activities of one or more types which include entertainment venue, restaurant, function center, motel and such other such settings where there is consumption of alcohol on the premises. Though this license also requires a community impact statement but only when it's a venue for public entertainment. Packaged Liquor License is another type of license applicable on internet operators who are selling alcohol and liquor stores. This also requires a community impact statement. The final type of license if Producer/Wholesaler License this type of license is for distiller, winemaker, brewer and wholesaler. There is no requirement for community impact statement for this. The Independent Liquor and Gaming Authority with the help of the community impact statement is made aware of the impact that is had by granting of application in a local community. There was study that was commissioned by OLGR in the early 2012 by the Allen Consulting Group (Allen Consulting Group, 2012) into the number of licensed premises cumulative impact particularly with respect to the density of license. As there has been a considerable increase in the licensed premises. In application of license it is important for the authority to be considering the social where the density of license plays a prominent role. Though there have been several studies which have been conducted indicating that higher density of license indicate higher social harm (Stockwell et al., 2005). There are others who do not find any association between two. Allen Group findings were mixed, not entirely successful or unsuccessful when it came to this, the density of license increase was not the only cause of the negative social impacts. Though there was a relationship between violence related to alcohol and density there were various other factors that contributed to it as well (Oxlan d Roulston, 2012). The increase in Liquor License can be observed in a better manner from the image below, it can be observed that there was not a very drastic and thus cannot be stated to be a complete sucess. The liquor law liberalization has made it easier for attaining in NSW the liquor license, thereby enabling that the licensee are able to promote, supply and sell liquor in NSW in a more free manner ("Breaking down barriers Community involvement in liquor licensing decisions in NSW", 2013). As already discussed above there has been a staggering increase in the number of liquor license application and approval in NSW. The Liquor Act 2007 requires responsible service of Alcohol under section 99(2)(c). Meaning thereby education is important for the managers, licensees and other person which include crowd controllers, bar staff and volunteers and they are required to complete RSA training course and hold an RSA certificate ("NSW GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE STATUTORY REVIEW OF THE LIQUOR ACT 2007 AND THE GAMING AND LIQUOR ADMINISTRATION ACT 2007", 2014). The premises are required to keep a register of all the RSA certified employees. This is to be made available to the OLGR inspector or the police officer as and when requested. The Liquor Act 2007 further strengthened the harm minimization aspect of RSA training. It has been made mandatory in NSW to have an RSA training and licensees who employe staff. The penalization for not having employees who are RSA certified is one of the highest which ensures compliance. It has become mandatory in NSW to have RSA training for those who are involved in the suppl y and sale of liquor in public, thus making its implementation more successful (Pratten, 2007). In 2010 the Liquor Act 2007 was amended to include Precinct Liquor Accords and Community Event Liquor Accords. It forms a part of the NSW Governments initiative of hassle free nights as a plan for reducing comprehensively anti-social drunken behavior and alcohol related crime in five primary districts of entertainment in NSW, Manly Sydney Central Business District, Newcastle-Hamilton and Wollongong. The reason for identifying these precincts was because there were significant issues with liquor licensing. By way of accords a wide range of stakeholders are brought together in an attempt to reduce violence related to alcohol and encouraging a safer environment. The impact of this is however successful. There is sufficient evidence of the effectiveness of the strategy of accords in reducing the consumption of alcohol (Trifonoff Nicholas 2008). A general prohibition exists on the supply of liquor to minors below the age of 18 years under the Liquor Act 2007 in a licensed venue. It also in most instances cover private settings as well. For instance there is no specific regulation on parental or adult guidance for minors who are served alcohol in private premises (Weitzman, Folkman, Kerry Lemieux Folkman Wechsler, 2003). As observed below there has been a general reduction in the number of children who have consumed alcohol from 1987 to 2014, indicating that this implementation has been more successful. The Act has become an important driver of change, the government under the Act regulated the supply and sale of liquor. Part 9A sets up a system whereby repeat offenders are put on a path towards disciplinary action. That disciplinary action may include having restrictive special conditions placed upon the licence, disqualification of the licensee, suspension of the licence or even cancellation of the licence. However escalating penalties are required, it is essential to apply penalties for acts such as those involving minors to include cancellation and suspension of liquor license to offence with under Liquor Act 2007 section 117(1). The Gaming and Machines Act 2001 introduced the licensing system for industry participants of the gaming machine industry. This ensured that the persons who were involved in the testing, manufacturing, servicing and supply of gaming machines comply and/or meet with the specified conduct and integrity standards. Sanctions were provided under it for participants who do not meet such standards. This ensures that there is a public record of the venue and persons who have been authorized. In NSW the gaming machine industry is accustomed to licensing (Breen, Hing, Gordon Buultjens, 2012). This allows more effective action which can be taken in case of performance that are inappropriate or if the standards are not met.The approval and application process is streamlined by the integration of the previous two legislations into one Act. It is essential to have a licensing system for ensuring that the legislation's objectives are met. The licensing system benefits the community as a whole and has been quite successful. It is however important that the existing processes around occupational licensing in the environment of gaming machine needs continuous examination with a purpose of streamlining so that the system can be made more administrative. The below Figure shows a considerable decrease in the gaming machine industry since 2009. There are restrictions under the Act that require the venue to provide information to the gambling patrons regarding help-line sources and gaming machine play (van der Maas, 2016). This is done to ensure that there is minimization of harm related to gambling in the community and to the individual's (National Competition Policy, 2003). An informed choice can be made by the consumer on gambling related decision which may moderate gambling behavior that is at risk (National Competition Council, 2000). The concept of making an informed choice is essential for gamblers who are likely to become potential risk. This restriction is essential for minimization of gaming machines related social harms. This aspect of the legislation is providing with net public benefit and has been sucessful. The Act prohibits the involvement of minors in gambling. There is also a limitation that is given under the act with respect to the exposure of minors to those parts of licensed venues where activities related to gaming machine occur (Shaffer Hall, 1996). The opportunity to make profit are denied to hotels and clubs from usage of gaming machines by minors. The capacity to employ minors in operation of gaming machines are denied to hotels and clubs and therefore may lead to labor cost that is considerably higher. This thus minimizes or avoids harm to minor that are related to gambling.This aspect of the legislation is another which is providing with net public benefit and has been sucessful. Conclusively it can be stated that there implementation of these five elements have been made possible by the Liquor Act 2007 and the Gaming Machines Act 2001. However, the implementation may vary for each essential element to another and so would the outcome. Though the society overall benefits from such implementations. References Allen Consulting Group. (2012). Report to the NSW Office of Liquor Gaming Racing. Breaking down barriers Community involvement in liquor licensing decisions in NSW. (2013). Fare.Org. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Breaking-Down-Barriers-FINAL.pdf Breen, H., Hing, N., Gordon, A., Buultjens, J. (2012). Meanings of Aboriginal gambling across New South Wales, Australia. International Gambling Studies, 12(2), 243-256. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2012.664158 Local Impact Assessment Review. (2017). Retrieved 29 July 2017, from https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/Documents/public-consultation/Local%20Impact%20Assessment%20Review%20Discussion%20Paper.pdf National Competition Council. (2000). Regulating gambling activity; issues in assessing compliance with National Competition Policy. Melbourne. National Competition Policy. (2003). Review of the NSW Gaming Machines Act 2001. NSW GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE STATUTORY REVIEW OF THE LIQUOR ACT 2007 AND THE GAMING AND LIQUOR ADMINISTRATION ACT 2007. (2014). https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 29 July 2017, from https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/Documents/liquor/law-and-policy/GovernmentResponse_StatutoryReview_LA_GALAA.pdf Oxland, J., Roulston, R. (2012). Principles of criminal law in New South Wales. Sydney: Butterworths. Pratten, J. (2007). Responsible Alcohol Service: Ethics and the Licensee. The Service Industries Journal, 27(5), 605-616. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642060701411765 Responsible Service of Alcohol. (2015). liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/Documents/liquor/serving-alcohol-responsibly/rsa_classroom_course.pdf Shaffer, H., Hall, M. (1996). Estimating the prevalence of adolescent gambling disorders: A quantitative synthesis and guide toward standard gambling nomenclature. Journal Of Gambling Studies, 12(2), 193-214. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01539174 Stockwell, T., Young, K., White, J., Humeniuk, R., Young, K., Young, K. et al. (2005). Alcohol misuse and violence. [Canberra]: Australian Government Publishing Service. Trifonoff, A., Andrew, R., Steenson, T., Nicholas, R., Roche, A. (2010). An examination of Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia as at December 2010. Adelaid: National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction. Trifonoff, A., Nicholas, R. (2008). A compendium of alcohol and other drug-related resources for law enforcement in Australia. Hobart, Tas.: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund. van der Maas, M. (2016). Problem gambling, anxiety and poverty: an examination of the relationship between poor mental health and gambling problems across socio-economic status. International Gambling Studies, 16(2), 281-295. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2016.1172651 Weitzman, E., Folkman, A., Kerry Lemieux Folkman, M., Wechsler, H. (2003). The relationship of alcohol outlet density to heavy and frequent drinking and drinking-related problems among college students at eight universities. Health Place, 9(1), 1-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(02)00014-x

Managing Conservation in Museums †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Managing Conservation in Museums. Answer: Introduction Amazingly and fabulously located on the waterfront of Sydney, at the north end of Darling Harbour, the Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) is a unique indoor and outdoor tourist attraction of Australia. It was built in the Darling Harbour in Sydney, and opened in 1991 (Anmm.gov.au, 2017). It was part of the redevelopment plan of the Darling Harbour and Pyrmont. This is the most visited national cultural centre of the Australian government. The museum was designed and built by Phillip Cox. The institution was made and is maintained by the federal government of Australia. Among the six national museums under direct control of the federal government, ANMM is the only one located outside the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The six major galleries of the museum are Navigators, Eora-First People, Passengers, Watermarks, Navy, and Australia-US relationship (Darlingharbour.com, 2014). There are four other gallery spaces, used for hosting exhibitions. The museum has kept many impor tant ships with a historical background, original lenses from the Tasman Island Lighthouse and many other important items, such as, Cape Bowling Green Lighthouse built in 1874, relocated to the ANMM site, Vaughan Evans Library, Welcome Wall, which is dedicated in the honour of more than 10 million people who have migrated to Australia from various places across the world, replica of HMB Endeavour, on which James Cook sailed from 1768 to 1771 on the historic world voyage, exhibitions on the nautical history of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Harding safety lifeboat etc. (Sydney.com, 2016). There are two attractive wharf structures to the east of the main buildings supporting the worlds biggest fleet of the in-water historical vessels, which includes the Endeavour replica. All these are major attractions for the local as well as international visitors. Analytical report of the ANMM as a tourist attraction The Australian National Maritime Museum offers a great level of entertainment for the whole family. It provides a great learning scope through many objects and exhibitions that explains the navy history, adventures on water, navy battles, mutiny, the migration of people from across the seas, ancient and modern culture, business relationships, and sporting accomplishments by the nation. It also offers a submarine tour to explore the underwater world of the navy. There are many events and exhibitions held regularly for entertainment through a learning experience. The tourist attraction can be analyzed in the following way. According to Weaver and Lawton (2014), a tourist attraction can be defined as a generic or specific characteristic of a destination or place, which attracts visitors or tourists. It is the place of interest for the visitors, due to the inherent or exhibited cultural or natural value, natural beauty, man made attraction, historical value, or entertainment value. This also includes variety of tangible and intangible factors management. Based on this theoretical concept, the ANMM gives the opportunity to the visitors to explore the links of the country with the sea. This attraction was built purposely on the edge of Darling Harbour, which includes worlds one of the biggest fleets of any museum. It arranges many temporary and permanent exhibitions on historical naval events (Coxarchitecture.com.au, 2017). They also offer customized and personalized guided tours according to the visitors desires. This is a factor for attractions for the visitors. The above figure on attraction attributes illustrates many elements that create attraction elements for any destination. As per the figure, the following five attributes of ANMM can be explained. Ownership Government The museum is built and maintained by the federal government of Australia. The plot of land was initially owned by the Gadigal people, who used to live on the rich source of shellfish and other seafood in the protected environment of Cockle Bay and Darling Harbour. The museum authority explores the indigenous culture of the Eora First people through exhibitions, which gives an idea about the ownership of the land. However, the government ownership makes the attraction site more credible to people and thus, the visitors does not hesitate about visiting the place (Hollensen, 2015). Authenticity Genuine It refers to the genuineness of the attraction site. Since, this is a national museum, the products, and themes maintain the authenticity. When built, ANMM was one of a kind museum in Australia, and the idea was not copied. Although there are maritime museums in all the countries, the products and exhibitions are specifically focused on the naval history of that particular country. This way, authenticity is maintained (Keene, 2012). Status Primary A tourist attraction achieves the primary status, when it was built first on a place and the region develops after it is developed. Sometimes, when an attraction is the only one or major attraction in a region, it is called primary tourist attraction. In case of ANMM, it was developed near the center of Sydney more than 20 years ago, when the Darling Harbour was not much developed and lacked in other tourist destinations. Thus, it has achieved the primary status (McCallum, 2014). Accessibility Accessible It is assessed by the level of accessibility for all type of people, such as, for children and for the disabled. In its website, ANMM has provided all the accessibility information on the facilities and services, such as, special parking, ramps for wheelchair accessibility, public transport, maps, etc, offered for the disabled people and children, who need special attention (Hollensen, 2015). Market Niche, Inclusive, All tourist, mostly local A national cultural institution is meant for all types of people. ANMM was built for all citizens of Australia as well as for the global tourists. After it was opened in 1991, the popularity of this museum has been increasing due to its range of products in the galleries. Over time, it has been able to enhance the interests of people, which has made it into one of the most popular tourist attractions in Australia (Weaver Lawton, 2014). SWOT analysis of ANMM SWOT analysis is an analytical tool to measure the strengths and weaknesses of an organization. It helps in assessing the position of the organization and its potentiality and set the organizational strategies accordingly. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Hollensen, 2015). The SWOT analysis for the ANMM is as follows: Strengths: Location, Local employees, government funding, advertisements, are the strengths of ANMM. Apart from these, the huge data collection over the spatial and temporal scale, resource efficiency, and integration of education with entertainment are also considered strengths. Weaknesses: The unsystematic data collection and difference in qualities of the products are the weaknesses of the museum. There are many museums, which keep very high quality samples and their conservation quality is also better than ANMM (Johnson et al., 2015). Opportunities: The development of new technologies, especially, the interactive websites and mobile apps, support from public and private sector, and the potential establishment of a network of national citizen science provide ample opportunities for growth for ANMM. Threats: The recruitment and retention of the local volunteers, and scientific skepticism generate threats for the museum. If they cannot recruit the correct person, or retain the experienced and good volunteers, then the growth and reputation would be hampered (McCallum, 2014). Over more than two decades, the museum has been offering many products and services for the local as well as global tourists. It has separate programs for the kids and for adults. There is welcome wall, replica and real ships for display, interactive activities, oceanic adventures, which have been able to draw visitors from all over the world. All the products and services are exquisite and attract people of all ages. People can look around themselves or opt for a guided tour of their choice (Johnson et al., 2015). Recommendations Since, the competition as well as international tourism is increasing, the museum should follow some new trends and make changes in their programs to attract more visitors. It should focus on developing more interactive programs for the visitors, especially, for the children. This would make them more interested in otherwise boring naval history of the country. It should introduce more services for specially abled children and adults, since, every citizen has the right to enjoy education and entertainment. The website and mobile apps should be improved continuously to make the visitor experience better. ANMM should give concessions to lower income group people so that they can also visit the museum and not get barred for the ticket money. It should change the program schedules and contents more frequently and at the same time improve the quality of the programs and the services, so that people are interested to come back again and again. Conclusion In the end, it can be said that, the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney is already an established landmark in the tourism map of Australia. with innovative products, services and programs, it has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. With a huge collection of historic naval items and illustration of nautical history through exhibitions, ANMM has managed to draw a large number of visitors each year. However, with some changes in the programs and schedules, the museum can draw more tourists and entail further growth. References Anmm.gov.au. (2017).Australian National Maritime Museum.Anmm.gov.au. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.anmm.gov.au/ Coxarchitecture.com.au. (2017).Australian National Maritime Museum.COX. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.coxarchitecture.com.au/project/australian-national-maritime-museum/ Darlingharbour.com. (2014).Australian National Maritime Museum - Darling Harbour.Darling Harbour. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.darlingharbour.com/things-to-do/australian-national-maritime-museum/ Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., Freeman, A. (2015).The NMC Horizon Report: 2015 Museum Edition. New Media Consortium. 6101 West Courtyard Drive Building One Suite 100, Austin, TX 78730. Keene, S. (2012).Managing conservation in museums. Routledge. McCallum, M. C. (2014).An Analysis of Fundraising Strategies in Local Maritime History Museums(Doctoral dissertation). Sydney.com. (2016).Australian National Maritime Museum | Darling Harbour Attraction.Sydney.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.sydney.com/destinations/sydney/sydney-city/darling-harbour/attractions/australian-national-maritime-museum Sydneyforall.com. (2017).Australian National Maritime Museum - Sydney For All - Accessible Activities and Attractions.Sydneyforall.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.sydneyforall.com/NationalMaritimeMuseum.html Weaver, D. Lawton, L. (2014). Tourism management (5thed.). Milton, Queensland: John Wiley Sons Australia.

Operations Management free essay sample

Importance of Operations Management to the success of business (McDonald’s) Operations management refers to the activities, decisions and responsibilities of managing the resources which are dedicated to the production and delivery of products and services. Operations management exists in very organization and is very important in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. McDonalds Corporation  is the worlds largest chain of  fast-food  restaurants. The business began in  1940, with a  restaurant  opened by siblings  Dick and Mac McDonald  in  San Bernardino,  California. Their introduction of the Speedee Service System in  1948established the principles of the modern  fast-food restaurant. Today McDonalds restaurants are found in 120 countries and territories around the world and serve nearly 54 million customers each day. http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/McDonalds McDonald’s is a fast pace restaurant providing the fast food, the operations management in McDonald’s is very important because it helps the restaurant to perform effectively and efficiently. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Operations management includes the whole planning of the product, capacity, and process, lay out, quality, etc. which is connected to the customer satisfaction. Also, the decision made in the operations management has big impact on both of the cost of producing products or services and they are connected to the profit. . 2 Explain the need for a McDonald’s restaurant to produce goods and services to time, cost and quality or specification, and with reference to legal requirements. There are many different types of legal legislation for McDonald’s cover the different aspects of the business such as operations in restaurants, advertising, marketing, company governance, health and safety, employment, sourcing of ingredients, product development. In this part, I will mainly explain about the products and services to time, cost and quality. McDonald’ supports the recommendations of the 1991 Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) report and the targets laid down in the Governments’ White Paper ‘The Health of the Nation’ by ensuring products conform with the guidelines. There are general policies of the ingredients used and products in McDonalds such as: McDonald’s 100% pure beef hamburger patties No additives, fillers, binders or flavour enhancers are used in food. Operations management free essay sample Operations management is concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organization’s resources and processes to produce goods or services for customers. Whether it is the provision of airport services, greetings cards, plastic buckets or holidays, operations managers will have been involved in the design, creation and delivery of those products or service each part of the airport – terminals, baggage handling services, aero plane servicing and catering, for example – has been carefully designed to fulfill not only its current role, but also with the possible demands of the next year and even the next 10 years in mind. Birmingham International Airport; is one of the busiest airport in the United Kingdom. Around 20 flight arrive at and depart from the Eurohub Terminal. Airport Personnel oversea a wide range of complex operations, including flights, passengers, terminals, airfield, facilities, staff, equipment, security and ground transportation. Across the runway and acres of tarmac, at the site of the original airport, the overnight freight operation is just beginning to wake up with the arrival of staff and the preparations for the first aircraft from Europe or the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the 7000 staff from the 150 organizations based at Birmingham International Airport (BIA) sees to the needs of their customers. Question 1) Identify some of the micro operations to be found at the airport. For each one : a) Identify the transforming and transformed resources. b) State which is the predominant transformed resource. c) Describe the output of each micro operation and say who you think its customers are. Answer: In this case study we have found some of the micro operations which have been applied in the Birmingham International Airport. These are as follows- Baggage Handling, Ticketing, Fuel Loading, Aircraft Cleaning, Building Maintenance etc. a) transforming and transformed resources – Transformed resources Transforming resources Bag Baggage Handler Ticket Ticketing Clerk Fuel Fuel Handler Plane Cleaner Building Maintenance Worker b) The predominant transformed resource is the plan. In Operation management plan is the most predominant transformed resource because by proper planning or by imposing proper plan BIA’s Operation Director Richard Heard make the BIA airport is one of the most profitable and organized airport in the world. c) The output of each micro operation and the customers and their outputs are as below – Micro Operation Output of Micro Operation Customer Output of Customer Baggage Handling Reach Destination Passenger Passenger Happy Ticketing Correct Ticket Information Passenger Passenger Satisfaction Fuel Loading Full the Plane Tank With Fuel Airlines Staff Safety Journey Aircraft Cleaning Clean Plane Passenger and Airlines Staff Clean Surrounding Building Maintenance Nice and Solid Building Users of That Particular Building Safe to be Use Question No. -2: Summarize the job of the operation director. What are the main issues/problems he faces in managing the airport? Answer: Operation Director is responsible for supervising the operation of the establishments, to ensure that the highest standards are achieved and maintained in accordance with quality assurance policies and that all legal specifications are adhered to in line with the Health and Safety Policy. The Director of Operations reports to the Chief Operating Officer. In the absence of the Director of Operations, the Chief is designated to exercise authority on behalf of the Director of Operations. Operations director also involve in set up the decision to be taken for long term. Another key task is operational planning. Richard Heard works as an Operation Director in BIA. The main problems he faces in managing the airport through decision making. He has to make a proper decision for coordinating and setting the safety and customer service standards for everyone. For this he need to decide who is going to get the air bridges, who is going to get certain stands, who is going to have their passengers bused to the terminal at peak times, and so on. Operational planning is about making the operation as efficient as possible by working out how they can best allocate their infrastructure to the airlines. Discuss the relationship between the day-to-day tasks and the long-term issues and explain how Richard manages to oversee both at the same time? Answer: Day-to-day jobs or activity is that one’s anyone does every day as a normal part of your life, your job etc. For example-The manager is responsible for the day-to-day running of the hotel. Besides, long-term issues mean any bond issue which having a maturity for long period like 13 months or more. For example-long-term investment etc. There is a relationship between day-to-day tasks and long-term issues. Day-to-day task is involved in long-term issues, because if regular basis of work does not do properly it creates a long-term issue. In an airport management has to maintain the day-to-day activities. For maintaining long-term issues day-to-day task should be done properly. From this case study we see that the Operation Director Richard manages to oversee both day-to-day tasks and long-term issues at the same time. They have appointed terminal managers whose duty is to look after the day-to-day operational problems and they cover the airport 24 hours a day of the week with one senior manager who oversees each shift. The terminal major also deal with the major incidents like bomb threats, thus everyone will be saved and knows what is happening. As an operation director Richard maintains all of these activities for keeping the reputation of the airport for a long time. BIA’s mission is to be the best regional airport in Europe and for this they need to improve everything they do. They also create an impact on the local economy by encouraging inward investment and export. Introduction: Managing the airport is the job of operations director. Managing the airport here means, ensuring the smooth operations occur in and also outside the airport. Other than that is, the operations director must oversee his workers work. He must ensure that all of his workers done their work successfully. Ensuring smooth day to day operations also one of the operations director job. Operations director also involve in set up the decision to be taken for long term. The operations director job is about coordination and setting the safety and customer service standards for everyone to adhere to. Another key task is operational planning. Operational planning is about making the operation as efficient as possible by working out how to allocate the best infrastructure to the airlines.

World War II Turning Points in the Pacific

World War II Turning Points in the Pacific Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and other Allied possessions around the Pacific, Japan swiftly moved to expand its empire. In Malaya, Japanese forces under General Tomoyuki Yamashita executed a lightning campaign down the peninsula, forcing superior British forces to retreat to Singapore. Landing on the island on February 8, 1942, Japanese troops compelled General Arthur Percival to surrender six days later. With the fall of Singapore, 80,000 British and Indian troops were captured, joining the 50,000 taken earlier in the campaign (Map). In the Netherlands East Indies, Allied naval forces attempted make a stand at the Battle of the Java Sea on February 27. In the main battle and in actions over the next two days, the Allies lost five cruisers and five destroyers, effectively ending their naval presence in the region. Following the victory, Japanese forces occupied the islands, seizing their rich supplies of oil and rubber (Map). Invasion of the Philippines To the north, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, the Japanese, who had landed in December 1941, drove US and Filipino forces, under General Douglas MacArthur, back to the Bataan Peninsula and captured Manila. In early January, the Japanese began attacking the Allied line across Bataan. Though stubbornly defending the peninsula and inflicting heavy casualties, US and Filipino forces were slowly pushed back and supplies and ammunition began to dwindle (Map). Battle of Bataan With the US position in the Pacific crumbling, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to leave his headquarters on the fortress island of Corregidor and relocate to Australia. Departing on March 12, MacArthur turned over command of the Philippines to General Jonathan Wainwright. Arriving in Australia, MacArthur made a famous radio broadcast to the people of the Philippines in which he promised I Shall Return. On April 3, the Japanese launched a major offensive against the Allied lines on Bataan. Trapped and with his lines shattered, Major General Edward P. King surrendered his remaining 75,000 men to the Japanese on April 9. These prisoners endured the Bataan Death March which saw approximately 20,000 die (or in some cases escape) en route to POW camps elsewhere on Luzon. Fall of the Philippines With Bataan secure, the Japanese commander, Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma, focused his attention on the remaining US forces on Corregidor. A small fortress island in Manila Bay, Corregidor served as the Allied headquarters in the Philippines. Japanese troops landed on the island on the night of May 5/6 and met fierce resistance. Establishing a beachhead, they were quickly reinforced and pushed the American defenders back. Later that day Wainwright asked Homma for terms and by May 8 the surrender of the Philippines was complete. Though a defeat, the valiant defense of Bataan and Corregidor bought valuable time for Allied forces in the Pacific to regroup. Bombers from Shangri-La In an effort to boost public morale, Roosevelt authorized a daring raid on the home islands of Japan. Conceived by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle and Navy Captain Francis Low, the plan called for the raiders to fly B-25 Mitchell medium bombers from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet (CV-8), bomb their targets, and then continue on to friendly bases in China. Unfortunately on April 18, 1942, Hornet was sighted by a Japanese picket boat, forcing Doolittle to launch 170 miles from the intended take-off point. As a result, the planes lacked the fuel to reach their bases in China, forcing the crews to bail out or crash their aircraft. While the damage inflicted was minimal, the raid achieved the desired morale boost. Also, it stunned the Japanese, who had believed the home islands to be invulnerable to attack. As a result, several fighter units were recalled for defensive use, preventing them from fighting at the front. When asked where the bombers took off from, Roosevelt stated that They came from our secret base at Shangri-La. The Battle of the Coral Sea With the Philippines secured, the Japanese sought to complete their conquest of New Guinea by capturing Port Moresby. In doing so they hoped to bring the US Pacific Fleets aircraft carriers into battle so that they could be destroyed. Alerted to the impending threat by decoded Japanese radio intercepts, the Commander-in-Chief of the US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester Nimitz, dispatched the carriers USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Lexington (CV-2) to the Coral Sea to intercept the invasion force. Led by Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, this force was soon to encounter Admiral Takeo Takagis covering force consisting of the carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku, as well as the light carrier Shoho (Map). On May 4, Yorktown launched three strikes against the Japanese seaplane base at Tulagi, crippling its reconnaissance capabilities and sinking a destroyer. Two days later, land-based B-17 bombers spotted and unsuccessfully attacked the Japanese invasion fleet. Later that day, both carrier forces began actively searching for each other. On May 7, both fleets launched all of their aircraft, and succeeded in finding and attacking secondary units of the enemy. The Japanese heavily damaged the oiler Neosho and sunk the destroyer USS Sims. American aircraft located and sunk Shoho. Fighting resumed on May 8, with both fleets launching massive strikes against the other. Dropping out of the sky, US pilots hit Shokaku with three bombs, setting it on fire and putting it out of action. Meanwhile, the Japanese attacked Lexington, hitting it with bombs and torpedoes. Though stricken, Lexingtons crew had the ship stabilized until fire reached an aviation fuel storage area causing a massive explosion. The ship was soon abandoned and sunk to prevent capture. Yorktown was also damaged in the attack. With Shoho sunk and Shokaku badly damaged, Takagi decided to retreat, ending the threat of invasion. A strategic victory for the Allies, the Battle of the Coral Sea was the first naval battle fought entirely with aircraft. Yamamotos Plan Following the Battle of Coral Sea, the commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, devised a plan to draw the remaining ships of the US Pacific Fleet into a battle where they could be destroyed. To do this, he planned to invade the island of Midway, 1,300 miles northwest of Hawaii. Critical to Pearl Harbors defense, Yamamoto knew the Americans would send their remaining carriers to protect the island. Believing the US to only have two carriers operational, he sailed with four, plus a large fleet of battleships and cruisers. Through the efforts of US Navy cryptanalysts, who had broken the Japanese JN-25 naval code, Nimitz was aware of the Japanese plan and dispatched the carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet, under Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance, as well as the hastily repaired Yorktown, under Fletcher, to the waters north of Midway to intercept the Japanese. The Tide Turns: The Battle of Midway At 4:30 AM on June 4, the commander of the Japanese carrier force, Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, launched a series of strikes against Midway Island. Overwhelming the islands small air force, the Japanese pounded the American base. While returning to the carriers, Nagumos pilots recommended a second strike on the island. This prompted Nagumo to order his reserve aircraft, which had been armed with torpedoes, to be rearmed with bombs. As this process was underway, one of his scout planes reported locating the US carriers. Hearing this, Nagumo reversed his rearmament command in order to attack the ships. As the torpedoes were being put back on Nagumos aircraft, American planes appeared over his fleet. Using reports from their own scout planes, Fletcher and Spruance began launching aircraft around 7:00 AM. The first squadrons to reach the Japanese were the TBD Devastator torpedo bombers from Hornet and Enterprise. Attacking at low level, they did not score a hit and suffered heavy casualties. Though unsuccessful, the torpedo planes pulled down the Japanese fighter cover, which cleared the way for the American SBD Dauntless dive bombers. Striking at 10:22, they scored multiple hits, sinking the carriers Akagi, Soryu, and Kaga. In response, the remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, launched a counterstrike that twice disabled Yorktown. That afternoon, US dive bombers returned and sunk Hiryu to seal the victory. His carriers lost, Yamamoto abandoned the operation. Disabled, Yorktown was taken under tow, but was sunk by the submarine I-168 en route to Pearl Harbor. To the Solomons With the Japanese thrust in the central Pacific blocked, the Allies devised a plan to prevent the enemy from occupying the southern Solomon Islands and using them as bases for attacking Allied supply lines to Australia. To accomplish this goal, it was decided to land on the small islands of Tulagi, Gavutu, and Tamambogo, as well as on Guadalcanal where the Japanese were building an airfield. Securing these islands would also be the first step towards isolating the main Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain. The task of securing the islands largely fell to the 1st Marine Division led by Major General Alexander A. Vandegrift. The Marines would be supported at sea by a task force centered on the carrier USS Saratoga (CV-3), led by Fletcher, and an amphibious transport force commanded by Rear Admiral Richmond K. Turner. Landing at Guadalcanal On August 7, the Marines landed on all four islands. They met fierce resistance on Tulagi, Gavutu, and Tamambogo, but were able to overwhelm the 886 defenders who fought to the last man. On Guadalcanal, the landings went largely unopposed with 11,000 Marines coming ashore. Pressing inland, they secured the airfield the next day, renaming it Henderson Field. On August 7 and 8, Japanese aircraft from Rabaul attacked the landing operations (Map). These attacks were beaten off by aircraft from Saratoga. Due to low fuel and concerned about further loss of aircraft, Fletcher decided to withdraw his task force on the night of the 8th. With his air cover removed, Turner had no choice but follow, despite the fact that less than half of the Marines equipment and supplies had been landed. That night the situation worsened when Japanese surface forces defeated and sank four Allied (3 US, 1 Australian) cruisers at the Battle of Savo Island. The Fight for Guadalcanal After consolidating their position, the Marines completed Henderson Field and established a defensive perimeter around their beachhead. On August 20, the first aircraft arrived flying in from the escort carrier USS Long Island. Dubbed the Cactus Air Force, the aircraft at Henderson would prove vital in the coming campaign. In Rabaul, Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake was tasked with retaking the island from the Americans and Japanese ground forces were routed to Guadalcanal, with Major General Kiyotake Kawaguchi taking command at the front. Soon the Japanese were launching probing attacks against the Marines lines. With the Japanese bringing reinforcements to the area, the two fleets met at the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on August 24-25. An American victory, the Japanese lost the light carrier Ryujo and were unable to bring their transports to Guadalcanal. On Guadalcanal, Vandegrifts Marines worked on strengthening their defenses and benefited from the arrival of additional supplies. Overhead, the aircraft of the Cactus Air Force flew daily to defend the field from Japanese bombers. Prevented from bringing transports to Guadalcanal, the Japanese began delivering troops at night using destroyers. Dubbed the Tokyo Express, this approach worked, but deprived the soldiers of all their heavy equipment. Beginning on September 7, the Japanese began attacking the Marines position in earnest. Ravaged by disease and hunger, the Marines heroically repulsed every Japanese assault. Fighting Continues Reinforced in mid-September, Vandegrift expanded and completed his defenses. Over the next several weeks, the Japanese and Marines battled back and forth, with neither side gaining an advantage. On the night of October 11/12, US ships under, Rear Admiral Norman Scott defeated the Japanese in the Battle of Cape Esperance, sinking a cruiser and three destroyers. The fighting covered the landing of US Army troops on the island and prevented reinforcements from reaching the Japanese. Two nights later, the Japanese dispatched a squadron centered on the battleships Kongo and Haruna, to cover transports heading to Guadalcanal and to bombard Henderson Field. Opening fire at 1:33 AM, the battleships struck the airfield for nearly an hour and half, destroying 48 aircraft and killing 41. On the 15th, the Cactus Air Force attacked the Japanese convoy as it unloaded, sinking three cargo ships. Guadalcanal Secured Beginning on October 23, Kawaguchi launched a major offensive against Henderson Field from the south. Two nights later, they nearly broke through Marines line, but were repulsed by Allied reserves. As the fighting was raging around Henderson Field, the fleets collided at the Battle of Santa Cruz on October 25-27. Though a tactical victory for the Japanese, having sunk Hornet, they suffered high losses among their air crews and were forced to retreat. The tide on Guadalcanal finally turned in the Allies favor following the naval Battle of Guadalcanal on November 12-15. In a series of aerial and naval engagements, US forces sank two battleships, a cruiser, three destroyers, and eleven transports in exchange for two cruisers and seven destroyers. The battle gave the Allies naval superiority in the waters around Guadalcanal, allowing for massive reinforcements to land and the beginning of offensive operations. In December, the battered 1st Marine Division was withdrawn and replaced by XIV Corps. Attacking the Japanese on January 10, 1943, XIV Corps forced the enemy to evacuate the island by February 8. The six month campaign to take the island was one of the longest of the Pacific war and was the first step in pushing back the Japanese.

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration Assignment - 5

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration - Assignment Example Most people left the country when government forces intensified the bombardment of rebel-held areas (BBC). The civil war has displaced many people. Some of them have sought refuge in the neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt and Jordan. According to UNHCR, the number of registered Syrian refugees was 2,863,595 as at 9th July 9, 2014. There were a further 45,503 refugees awaiting registration. The UNHCR also estimates that 6.5 million refugees are internally displaced in the country (Unhcr.org). The largest exodus of Syrians has been from areas that have witnessed the worst conflict. In Deraa, the birthplace of the revolution, an estimated 355,485 (19%) people have fled their homes since the conflict started. In Homs, an estimated 344,198 (18%) people have left their homes. In Aleppo, it is estimated that 285,601 refugees have left for the neighboring countries. Most of the people migrating from Syria to other countries are women and children. According to UNHCR estimates, nearly half of those fleeing the conflict are children. Three-quarters of these Syrian children are under the age of 11. The Syrians displaced by the war remain as refugees in their new locations. About 130,000 of them are in Zaatari Refugee Camp in the Jordanian desert. Security remains a major challenge to the residents of the camp (Unhcr.org). One of the effects of the Syrian civil war is the creation of a humanitarian crisis. The fighting has displaced millions of people from their homes. As a result, access to basic commodities and health care has become a crisis. Civilians who are trapped in some areas of the country are unable to find food (Wsj.com). Some of them who are injured due to the fighting do not access medical care. In some cities such as Homs that have been under siege, civilians were forced to survive on anything, including eating grass.